AGV vs. AMR: Comparing Mobile Robots

How do AGV systems work?

AGV systems follow pre-defined routes to automatically transport materials from one point to another. These Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have been successfully used in warehouses worldwide for decades. Their routes are guided by physical markers such as magnetic strips, QR codes, or laser navigation. Thanks to their pre-determined paths, AGVs are known for precision and reliability. Their limited flexibility makes them ideal for repetitive tasks – for example, in the automotive industry for transporting components along fixed production lines, or in the food and beverage industry for hygienic goods transport on established routes. They also prove effective in warehouse logistics, where they shuttle consistently between inbound and outbound areas.

AGVs are controlled by a central system that issues driving commands, monitors all vehicles, and ensures that everything runs smoothly. The warehouse control center knows exactly: Who starts when? Where are there bottlenecks? Which delivery takes priority? The system “thinks” along – but only within the rules defined in advance. If workflows change, such as through a new route or a modified warehouse layout, technical interventions are needed: routes must be redefined, systems reprogrammed, and infrastructure adapted – often at considerable time and cost. In dynamic environments, this lack of adaptability becomes a disadvantage. However, in steady routines, AGVs perform with outstanding reliability. For more flexibility, Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) offer a compelling alternative.

How do AMR systems differ from AGVs?

Unlike AGVs, Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) represent a more modern and flexible evolution of automated transport systems. Like AGVs, they navigate autonomously through warehouses – but without being tied to fixed routes. Using advanced sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence, AMRs dynamically respond to real-time environmental changes. Instead of pre-set paths, AMRs calculate the optimal route using sophisticated algorithms. If a pallet suddenly blocks the way, an AMR doesn’t just stop – it instantly finds an alternate route. This adaptability pays off, especially in dynamic settings.

AMRs are particularly valuable in fast-changing environments such as e-commerce, where warehouse layouts and requirements are in constant flux. They also excel in production environments – for example, providing just-in-time supply to production lines. In healthcare, AMRs safely transport sensitive materials such as medication and lab samples. Their ability to seamlessly integrate into existing infrastructures improves workflow efficiency, enhances material flow, and significantly accelerates operations.

What advantages do AMRs offer compared to AGVs?

The key advantage of AMRs over AGVs lies in their flexibility and adaptability. While AGVs require significant infrastructure changes when processes or routes evolve, AMRs automatically adjust to new conditions. This minimizes conversion times as well as investment in construction or reprogramming. Whether it’s a colleague blocking the way or a layout change – AMRs respond instantly and safely, reducing accident risks and making them especially suitable for dynamic, high-traffic environments.

Conclusion: 
Where are AGVs and AMRs best used?

AGVs are ideal for structured environments with clearly defined workflows, such as automotive manufacturing or large distribution centers with fixed layouts. They shine when precision and reliability are required for repetitive tasks.

AMRs, on the other hand, stand out for their versatility. They’re well-suited to complex and ever-changing logistics and production demands. In addition to the sectors already mentioned, AMRs are increasingly being adopted in pharmaceuticals, hospitals, and consumer goods manufacturing. Their easy integration into existing systems and ability to quickly adapt to change opens up a wide range of applications.

Robot trends:
More intelligence, more mobility

The trend in robotics is clearly heading toward autonomy, advanced sensors, and artificial intelligence. Robots are no longer just executors of commands – they’re becoming real-time decision-makers and collaborators. A key example: cobots (collaborative robots), designed to work safely alongside humans without protective barriers. That’s one reason why AMRs are considered future-proof. They’re not just flexible, they’re also safe.

Networked communication between robots and IoT systems is also advancing, improving data exchange and boosting warehouse efficiency and responsiveness. The result: faster, more efficient workflows. Companies investing in smart robotic solutions today gain real advantages – especially in fast-paced sectors like e-commerce and logistics. AMRs are increasingly becoming the key to speed, adaptability, and competitiveness and thus a decisive success factor.

Movu ifollow:
Flexible, powerful, and simply smart

A great example of what modern AMR technology can deliver is the Movu ifollow system by Movu. This Autonomous Mobile Robot doesn’t just transport loads of up to 1.2 tons from A to B – it does so entirely independently. The system is intuitive and user-friendly, so there’s no need for long onboarding.

What’s more: Movu ifollow integrates easily into existing warehouse and logistics structures. Whether on fixed routes, in changing environments, or under spontaneous conditions – the system remains both flexible and reliable. The movu ifollow is designed to run at temperatures as low as -25°C, ideal to be used in cold storage environments, able to withstand any warehouse. Thanks to smart sensors and built-in safety features, the robot navigates safely through busy warehouse spaces and adjusts dynamically to its surroundings. Movu ifollow is the ideal partner for businesses looking to make their logistics more efficient, safer, and future-ready.